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Friends of the Western Buddhist Order (FWB)

FWB
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A controversial New Religious Movement (See Criticism section [of wikipedia.org]) that was founded by Sangharakshita (formerly Dennis Lingwood) in 1967 in the UK and which propounds a conflation of Buddhist and non-Buddhist ideologies. From a corporate perspective, the Friends of the Western Buddhist Order can be said to be one of the main Buddhist movements in the UK.

The FWBO's approach to teaching Buddhism is based on their assertion that there is an underlying unity in the Buddhist traditions as a whole, discernible from the fundamental teachings of the Buddha. Whether such commonalities are actually discernible is debatable. Academic Paul Williams argues with respect to the Mahayana, for instance, that there is 'little or no central core' to its teachings.

Moreover, he continues, "What unifying element there is in Buddhism, Mahayana and non-Mahayana, is provided by the monks and their adherence to the monastic rule". Thus, the FWBO's claim that they are adhering to 'an underlying unity in the Buddhist traditions as a whole' while seeking to find ways of living a genuine Buddhist life regardless of lifestyle, and to do so in ways suitable to the conditions of contemporary society, is a controversial approach in the eyes of traditionalists for, in the majority of orthodox Asian Buddhist traditions, a thorough commitment to a moral lifestyle based on specific precepts is the fundamental Buddhist teaching that serves as a basis for one's commitment to the Buddhist way of life. This clearly sits at odds with the FWBO adage, 'Commitment is primary, lifestyle is secondary'. From: en.widipedia.org

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Boston Friends of the Western Buddhist Order
http://www.bostonfwbo.org/


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Dangers in Devotion: Buddhist Cults and the Tasks of a Guru by John Crook - (A site critical of FWBO)
http://westernchanfellowship.org/dharmatalks/ncf18_DangersInDevotion.html


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Friends of the Western Buddhist Order
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friends_of_the_Western_Buddhist_Order

Friends of the Western Buddhist Order
http://www.fwbo.org/

Friends of the Western Buddhist Order
http://www.fact-index.com/f/fr/friends_of_the_western_buddhist_order.html

Friends of the Western Buddhist Order - (A site critical of FWBO)
http://www.freedomofmind.com/resourcecenter/groups/f/friends/

Friends of the Western Buddhist Order by Vessantara - a book

Friends of the Western Buddhist Order @ Bodhgaya
http://bodhgaya.fwbo.org/

Friends of the Western Buddhist Order - Buddhism Meditation Australia
http://www.fwbo.org.au/

FWBO discussion
http://www.iol.ie/~mazzoldi/toolsforchange/buddhist/fwbo.html

FWBO-Files - (A site critical of FWBO)
http://www.fwbo-files.com/

FWBO - Not Modernist; Probably Not for Non-Realists
http://www.change.freeuk.com/learning/relthink/fwbo.html


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Going On Retreat
http://www.goingonretreat.com/


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Introduction to the FWBO
http://beehive.thisiscornwall.co.uk/default.asp?WCI=SiteHome&ID=9545&PageID=53119


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New Currents in Western Buddhism: The Inner Meaning of the Friends of the Western Buddhist Order by Sangharakshita - a book


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Padmaloka Retreat Centre
http://www.padmaloka.org.uk/

Perceptions of the FWBO in British Buddhism by Dharmachari Vishvapani
http://www.westernbuddhistreview.com/vol3/Perceptions.htm

PS Buddhist ecopractice - a group of FWBO
http://www.ecopractice.fwbo.org/home.htm


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Review of Extending the Hand of Fellowship: The Relations of the Western Buddhist Order to the Rest of the World by Sandra Bell
http://jbe.gold.ac.uk/4/bell1.html


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Scottish Cult Information & Support - (A site critical of FWBO)
http://www.fortunecity.com/meltingpot/nj/99/


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Testing Articles of Faith
http://www.dharmalife.com/issue17/testingfaith.html


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Western Buddhist Review
http://www.westernbuddhistreview.com/

Working in the Right Spirit: The Application of Buddhist Right Livelihood in the Freinds of the Western Buddhist Order by Martin Baumann
http://jbe.gold.ac.uk/5/baum1.html


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